Neuroscience
A broadcast of a recent presentation at the National Institutes of Health:
Watch the presentation
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Neuroscience
Neuroimaging and Stimulating Human Brain Remodeling
A broadcast of a recent presentation at the National Institutes of Health:
Watch the presentation
Air date: Monday, November 29, 2010, 12:00:00 PM
Time displayed is Eastern Time, Washington DC Local
Category: Neuroscience
Description: Neuroscience Seminar Series
Animal studies show that the adult brain shows remarkable plasticity in response to learning or recovery from injury. Non-invasive brain imaging techniques can be used to detect systems-level structural and functional plasticity in the human brain. This talk will focus on how brain imaging has allowed us to monitor healthy brains learning new motor skills and to assess how damaged brains recover. For example, structural and diffusion MRI shows that learning to juggle changes not only grey matter but also white matter in healthy brains. In patients recovering after a stroke to one side of their brain, functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation provide evidence for increased recruitment of areas in the healthy side of the brain. Combining structural and functional approaches allows us to demonstrate that motor practice can functionally rescue regions that are structurally compromised following damage.
New developments in brain stimulation raise exciting opportunities for manipulating brain remodelling. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the motor cortex we can speed people’s learning of a new task, alter their brain chemistry, or temporarily improve hand function in stroke patients. FMRI identifies changes in cortical activity that may mediate these functional benefits. In future, imaging could be used to guide individually targeted brain stimulation to enhance recovery after damage.
http://neuroseries.info.nih.gov
Author: Heidi Johansen-Berg, Ph.D., , University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Runtime: 01:03:28
CIT File ID: 16300
CIT Live ID: 9775
Permanent link: http://videocast.nih.gov/launch.asp?16300
- Extras
Eye-catching studies that didn't make the final cut: What do we mean when we say a public figure has integrity? Ageing associated with a deficit in recognising hand gestures (even when other cognition remains intact). What clinical psychologists...
- Hemispheric Specialisation Depends On Brain State
The idea that the two hemispheres of the brain are specialised for different tasks was popularised in the 1940s by experiments with split-brain patients, in whom the nerve fibres connecting their cerebral hemispheres had been severed. But when healthy...
- Neuropsychology Abstract Of The Day: A Leisurely Curiousity
Training-induced neural plasticity in golf novices Journal of Neuroscience. 2011 Aug 31; 31(35): 12444-8. Authors: Bezzola L, Mérillat S, Gaser C, Jäncke L Abstract Previous neuroimaging studies in the field of motor learning have shown that learning...
- Today's Reading: Structural Mri
The current issue of the journal, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, contains an excellent review of the state of contemporary structural uses of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Here is the reference and abstract for this recommended...
- Penn Neurosurgery Welcomes Timothy H. Lucas Ii, Md, Phd
Timothy H. Lucas II, MD, PhD joins the Department of Neurosurgery as Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery. Dr. Lucas specializes in the surgical treatment of epilepsy and brain tumors, with particular emphasis on lesions near eloquent cortex,...